Police said inmates damaged property in the detention center and took a nurse hostage, before police regained control of the situation.
The General Director of Reformation and Rehabilitation at the Interior Ministry said they arrested those involved in the riot and referred them to the Public Prosecutor.
"Families of some inmates at Jaw prison asked for an individual to enter for a visit without an ID, a request which was denied," he said.
"Families damaged and vandalised the building and attacked the police."
The official said inmates then began destroying their cells and took the nurse hostage.
Bahrain's largest opposition group, Al Wefaq National Islamic Society, posted on its Twitter account that the situation in Jaw prison was "concerning."