Both trains, which had departed from the capital, Pretoria, collided into one another in the Johannesburg suburb of Denver.
An emergency services spokesman, whose name was not mentioned in the report, said the condition of the injured passengers ranged between minor to critical.
Photographs of the collision show the damaged and derailed carriages of the two trains.
The cause of the accident is unclear and authorities are carrying on an investigation into the incident.
Train accidents, which happen frequently in South Africa, are attributed to either errors on behalf of train operators or railway communication cable thefts resulting in collisions.
In 2014, nearly 100 passengers were injured when two trains crashed into each other in Durban. A similar accident in Pretoria in 2013 also injured 300 people.
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